Grover Cleveland essays

Grover Cleveland essays Grover Cleveland was born March 18th, 1837 in Caldwell, New Jersey. He was the fifth child in the family of four brothers and five sisters. His fathers name is Richard Falley Cleveland, who was a Presbyterian minister and relative to the founder of Cleveland Ohio. Grovers mother, Ann Neal Cleveland was the daughter of a publisher. The family had little money and moved frequently. He attended schools such as Fayetteville and Clinton, New York, and began working at the age of 14 as a clerk for Fayetteville general store. When Grover was 16, his father died, leaving him and his brothers to support their mother and sisters. Cleveland joined with an older brother of his who was teaching at the New York Institution for the blind and worked there for a year. At 17 years old, Grover decided to head west for more opportunities. He wanted to settle in Cleveland Ohio, but instead stopped at Buffalo N.Y. to see his mothers uncle. His uncle persuaded him to stay and Grover worked with him for six months. Afterwards he decided to be a lawyer. He worked as a clerk in the law office of Rogers Bowen, and studied there. Working hard for $4.00 a week, which had to pay for room board at the home of a fellow clerk. Two of Grovers brothers served in the Union Army during the Civil War, Cleveland had to stay and support his mother and sisters. Cleveland entered in the politics scene as a ward worker for the Democratic Party in Buffalo. He served as a ward supervisor in 1862 and as an assistant district attorney of Erie County. Was elected sheriff in 1870. The city of Buffalo at the time had a corrupt administration. As demand for improvement grew, the quicker Grover was elected to run as mayor in 1881. Cleveland vetoed so many padded city contracts that he became known as the veto mayor. Clevelands reputation for good government made him a national figure. The Republ ...

Ancient Greek and Roman Names Information

Ancient Greek and Roman Names Information When you think of ancient names, do you think of Romans with multiple names like Gaius Julius Caesar, but of Greeks with single names like Plato, Aristotle, or Pericles? There is a good reason for that. It is thought that most Indo-Europeans had single names, with no idea of an inheritable family name. The Romans were exceptional. Ancient Greek Names In literature, ancient Greeks are usually identified by only one name whether male (e.g., Socrates) or female (e.g., Thais). In Athens, it became mandatory in 403/2 B.C. to use the demotic (the name of their deme [See Cleisthenes and the 10 Tribes]) in addition to the regular name on official records. It was also common to use an adjective to show place of origin when abroad. In English, we see this in such names as Solon of Athens or Aspasia of Miletus. Roman Republic During the Republic, literary references to upper-class men would include the praenomen and either the cognomen or the nomen (gentilicum) (or both making the tria nomina). The cognomen, like the nomen was usually hereditary. This meant there could be two family names to inherit. The statesman M. Tullius Cicero is now referred to by his cognomen Cicero. Ciceros nomen was Tullius. His praenomen was Marcus, which would be abbreviated M. The choice, while not officially limited, tended to be among only 17 different praenomina. Ciceros brother was Qunitus Tullius Cicero or Q. Tullius Cicero; their cousin, Lucius Tullius Cicero. Salway argues the three name or tria nomina of the Romans is not necessarily the typical Roman name  but is typical of the best-documented class in one of the best documented periods of Roman history (Republic to early Empire). Much earlier, Romulus was known by a single name and there was a period of two names. Roman Empire By the first century B.C. women and the lower classes began to have cognomina (pl. cognomen). These were not inherited names, but personal ones, which began to take the place of the praenomina (pl. praenomen). These might come from ​a  part of the womans fathers or mothers name. By the 3rd century A.D., the praenomen was abandoned. The basic name became the nomen cognomen. Alexander Severus wifes name was Gnaea Seia Herennia Sallustia Barbia Orbiana. (See J.P.V.D. Balsdon, Roman Women: Their History and Habits; 1962.) Additional Names There were two other categories of names that might be used, especially on funerary inscriptions (see accompanying illustrations of an epitaph and a monument to Titus), following the praenomen and nomen. These were the names of filiation and of a  tribe. Filiation Names A man might be known by his father and even his grandfathers names. These would follow the nomen and be abbreviated. The name of M. Tullius Cicero could be written as M. Tullius M. f. Cicero showing that his father was also named Marcus. The f stands for filius (son). A freedman would use an l for libertus (freedman) instead of an f. Tribal Names After the filiation name, the tribal name could be included. The tribe or tribus was the voting district. This tribal name would be abbreviated by its first the letters. The full name of Cicero, from the tribe of Cornelia, would, therefore, be M. Tullius M. f. Cor. Cicero. References Whats in a Name? A Survey of Roman Onomastic Practice from c. 700 B.C. to A.D. 700, by Benet Salway; The Journal of Roman Studies, (1994), pp. 124-145.Names and Identities: Onomastics and Prosopography, by Olli Salomies, Epigraphic Evidence, edited by John Bodel.