The Good Person of Szechwan Essay Example

The Good Person of Szechwan Paper Extract pg 105-108: As a director, discuss how you would stage the extract in order to bring out your interpretation of it for an audience. Your answer should include justified suggestions for the direction of your cast, and for the design of the piece as appropriate to the style of the play. In this extract, the play reaches its climax, in a typically epic sequence where the audience finally see a collapse of Shen Tehs facade under the pressure of her guilt for not obeying their instruction to be good to others, and instead choosing to follow the precept of being good to oneself. It is in this sequence that Shen Teh finally reveals and explains the reasons behind her falsification of the character of Shui Ta, and due to the very Brechtian nature of this act, as I a director I would want to complement this with a very epic style of acting (Shen Teh is essentially presenting her case, much as an epic actor presents their character). As the director, I would have the gods sitting on a raised level in this section, in order to show their distanced relationship both with Shui Ta, and the situation in Szechuan (they care fairly little for the actual lives of the people, and merely wish to fulfil their task), and how disconnected they are from reality. In order to achieve this, I would use the put the sofa from Shen Tehs shop, and have it lifted onto the counter, and then use the unit of shelving as a desk. We will write a custom essay sample on The Good Person of Szechwan specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Good Person of Szechwan specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Good Person of Szechwan specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This would be positioned with the Gods backs to the stage right flat (rather than face on to the audience), in order to open up sight lines for when Shen Teh has to adress the Gods (however I would instruct certain parts of this to be directed to the audience anyway). In my interpretation, I would want the Gods to be presented in the guise of archetypal Southern American businessmen, who are looking for good people as evidence that the area is worth investment. My reason for wanting to do this is to highlight the reality of how much power the Gods have, as Brecht makes it clear throughout the play that they are comparatively minor beings who answer to higher powers, and who are in fact entirely fallible and flawed in many ways (for example the first god admits I know nothing of business – a fundamental failing for someone in his position). Moreover, Americas symbolic status as the heartland of Capitalism, and its history of propagating capitalism around the world fits with the fact that emergent capitalism is clearly apparent in Szechuan, as well as the fact that in spite of their high ideals, good people cannot survive in the capitalist world (which in itself brings into question whether the Gods are good people themselves). In addition to this, I would want each God to speak in an American accent and to have a distinguishing piece of eye-wear; the first would have a rose-tinted monocle, the second a pair of sapphire tinted spectacles, and the third a black-tinted pince-nez, that by this point in the play will be left hanging on a gold chain around his neck (he will have removed it in the previous scene on the line our commandments seem fatal). The reason I would want to do this is to make clear the distinctions between the Gods that I have observed through my reading of the text, through the colouring of the glass. To me it appeared that the first God was the most idealistic of the three, thinking predominantly in abstract, absolute ideals (hence the rose-tinted glass). The second, whilst equally adherent to the idea of the precepts, is more pessimistic, blaming the inherent weakness of man for the lack of goodness in Szechuan (hence the sapphire tint). The third also sees things in a black and white attitude initially, and fails to realise the complexity of applying absolute ideals in the real world; however in the scene prior to this extract, he realises that the world is at fault, not necessarily its inhabitants (hence the black tinted pince-nez, which he is no longer wearing by this point). The first moment at which I would want Shen Tehs performance as Shui Ta to falter would be on the line I cannot hold out any longer. Here, Shui Ta would not immediately revert back to being Shen Teh, but as a director I would have him shut his eyes, lower his head and drop his shoulders (almost as if he were being forced down by the pressure Shen Teh is feeling). As he then says Illustrious Ones, I have recognised you! I would have him look back up, wide-eyed and speaking in an earnest tone and with Shen Tehs voice and posture. A few moments later, when Shen Teh reveals herself, I would have her only remove her mask, and not have Shui Ta rip(s) away his costume. My reason for this is that I would not want Shui Ta to change back into Shen Teh (the reverse of which the audience has already seen in the Song of the Defencelessness of the Good and the Gods) – rather I would want the inherent falsity of the character of Shui Ta to be made plain, and by allowing the gods and the audience to observe Shen Teh in the sharp, western attire of Shui Ta, it will highlight Shen Tehs artifice. This practice of allowing the audience to see past the theatricality of the play is one that is key to Brechts theories about the Verfremdunseffekt, in which the audience should be kept at a distance from, or made strange to the action, in order to allow them to observe the plot and its message objectively. In her monologue to the Gods, Shen Teh is essentially attempting to explain herself and her actions to the Gods – and also sub-textually to the audience, who have as yet to be given a direct explanation (even though much of what she says has already been made plain within the action). As such, I would direct Shen Tehs tone to be imploring and sincere in her idealism – which never falters, even upon her realisation that to achieve them in her world is impossible (as opposed to Wang who tries to persuade the Gods to change their precepts, rather than change the world – as Shen Teh wishes they would do). However, tempering this remorse for the fact that she was forced to stray from the path of good, should be undercurrents of indigence and even anger at points, over the injustice of the world. For example, the lines in which Shen Teh switches to use of the masculine pronoun – He who gives help†¦is lost for his own part†¦who could hold himself back – I would want to be more in the style of Shui Ta – her posture should stiffen, and her voice should take on a harsher tone. However, this should be broken on the line, But that was my downfall, at which point she will look down and speak in a softer tone – which will then take on an almost fraught tone on the line forced me into the sludge, which relates back to the apparently prophetic dream Wang related to the Gods earlier in the play. Upon Shen Tehs conclusion to her speech, I would want the first God to deliver his line Speak no further you unhappy creature! , with his head turned away, his eyes tightly shut, and his hand stretched out in front of him, as if shielding himself from this sight of Shen Teh. My reason for this is that I would want to make it appear as if he is almost trying to shield himself from the truth, which he does not want to accept. Similarily a few moments later, when he says A misunderstanding! A few unfortunate incidents. One or two hard-hearted neighbours! A little too much zeal! , he should first slap his hand on the desk, and then wave his hand as if wafting away the truth that he does not want to hear. I would want to do this to show the fact that the Gods still remain unable to reconcile the goodness of Shen Teh with the ruthlessness of Shui Ta, and therefore are unable to understand the fundamental problem with society. Anther point I would wish to emphasize in this last scene is Wangs entrance. I would want him to be leading the crowd of people back into the courtroom as an almost prophetic figure, given the manner in which he has been mans link to the Gods throughout the play. I would have the Gods standing on three rope ladders, that will have descended from the gods on the line Only be good, and all will be well (an ironic line that shows the Gods to have learnt nothing about the complexity of Shen Tehs case), and Wang will kneel before them – raising his hands up as he says show your respect – then beckoning the others to join him on their knees. A few moments later in the Trio of the Vanishing Gods on Their Clouds, I would want the Gods, accompanied by a piano playing in the pentatonic scale (in which most typically oriental-style music is written), so sing the song at a pace that is slightly faster than appropriate to be dignified, ending on a discordant harmony that does not indicate that the song has actually finished (making the ending very abrupt). I would want to do this as in my view the Gods are eager to depart Szechuan (as they say – all to long on earth we have lingered), and in their haste they are essentially leaving matters entirely open ended and unfinished, which is why I would want the song to end in this way. For the last image of the extract, I would have the Gods lifted out of sight on their rope ladders, in order to highlight their haste and how alien Szechuan is to them (the action being reminiscent of people being air lifted or rescued from somewhere they have been stranded). As they disappear, the Player will emerge and pull the half curtain across the rest of the characters, concealing them, and whatever action that may have followed.

I.T. System to Track Share Prices Essay Example

I.T. System to Track Share Prices Essay Example I.T. System to Track Share Prices Essay I.T. System to Track Share Prices Essay My dad has asked me to create an Excel Spreadsheet, which will track his share prices, as currently the quotes are only being recorded on paper, making it extremely difficult to plot graphs etc and manage it efficiently. However hopefully I will overcome this problem and allow easy automatic calculations through MS Excel. Also my user is not certain when to sell and buy shares so I will make an automated process in which my spreadsheet will decide when to take action by informing the user.Hyperlinks will be used to take the user to news on shares etc, to help make decisions on whether to buy and sell. A yearly graph on the companys shares will be present with the visual basic program, which will be updated automatically. My user is new to MS Excel, so I will need to make it as automatic as possible.I am going to use Microsoft Excel for a number of reasons, as this package has many functions.As my user is new to Excel I will need to make use of Command buttons. Below I have illustrated some other important functions in MS Excel. Cells can easily be identified. Formulas can easily be entered. As shown above, calculations can be easily done in Excel, making it user friendly. Finally to make my spreadsheet more attractive I can use the below simple tools. MS Word Art Drawing Tools Shapes ClipArts Shadow and 3d style Free rotate Basic drawing shapes Fill ColourWhat other packages can also do the job? Software Name Advantages Disadvantages MS Excel Simple user interface with many facilities. If data in one cell is changed accidentally all results may be altered. MS Access This software is a relational database and is not a spreadsheet so cannot be compared. Lotus 123 Simple user interface with many facilities. In some ways better than Excel. Same as excel. Claris Works Spreadsheet Simple to use with common basic functions. Not a familiar interface and lacks the power of macros etc. MS Works SpreadsheetSimilar to MS Office software as MS Works suite provides a Word Processor and a database. Not enough advanced features. Star Office Spreadsheet Software suite is free. Also has a word processor. Extremely basic, lacks to many key features, which Excel contains. From the above table I can see that MS Excel and Lotus 123 are best suited to my task, as they have a simple layout with great advanced features, including macros, which other packages fail to provide. Both packages seem extremely versatile and powerful. MS Excel has a great help facility also. VBA code and forms can be created in Microsoft Excel, making it very unique.I will use MS Excel to create the spreadsheet, as I am most familiar with it and also currently the user has a tight budget and is not willing to invest any more money. With excel I will also be able to edit any macro visual basic code, as this will be required later on in the project. What am I personally hoping to achieve? I am aiming to expand my Excel knowledge and VBA knowledge and create a 90 % automated system, in which my user just has to click a button.Analysis My approach to the task: As currently the share prices and quotes are only being extracted from one site, which is www.netscape.com, I have decided that my user will be requiring other resources and sites for the latest news and decisions. Also the user is uncertain which data and text applies to which company so by adding comments to cells I will hopefully resolve the issue. My users data is also extremely unorganised, as weekly he receives his share prices and quotes through the mail and how much profit etc he is making. My worksheet however will hopefully make the mail prices obsolete, as the calculations will be done through Excel more regularly. So in this project I will be creating the following.Worksheets Different aspects of the shares will be put on multiple worksheets, which will all be linked to one another. Quotes Will be taken from visual basic program. News Will be taken from real player and CNBC channel through a TV Card and also other various sites. Graphs Quotes will be plotted automatically as data is entered. Hyperlinks Take my user to my VB program and relevant sites or cells. This information will consists of the following Data Structures Type Of Data Structure

Working with Others Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Working with Others - Essay Example As I progressed, another strategy I used was to be supportive. I ensured that I offer support to those who are in need of help. My exhibition of generosity helped me develop a number of important relationships at work. Another vital point in my work was that I adopted the habit of speaking positively about others. The benefit was that as I spoke about others in a positive way, others who heard me counted me as a good personality. As a result, I have found that the number of people who were ready to help me increases day by day. Another important strategy in building positive relationships at work was to present my skills and knowledge in front of others. I ensured that I exhibit my skills and proficiency in all the office meetings. It became clear that as I presented things in an interesting way, all my colleagues were happy listening to me and appreciating me. Thus, I learnt the fact that showing my abilities is very necessary to make other people approach me. In addition, I ensured that I encourage collaboration. For that purpose, I invited others to share my works and offered them to share their works. This way I ensure that other people around me are felt valued. Moreover, I have to mention here that I ensure that I keep the people around me happy through adopting a pleasing personality and a sense of humour. Furthermore, it is my strategy to behave in a polite way to everyone in the organisation. I ensure that a degree of politeness is kept while interacting with everyone from any position.

The Case for Clean Technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Case for Clean Technology - Essay Example Investing on clean or green energy can make a major impact on environmental problems such as pollution and other issues that emerge as a consequence (i.e. climate change). My position is, of course, in support of clean technology. The current interest in this field must be supported by the policy networks, specifically, by providing favorable environment in which this new commercial activities must flourish. Sources Case Study: Shane Eten An important source for this paper is a case study published by Babson College on Shane Eten and his efforts to launch a business venture. What is significant in this case study is the nature of Eten's venture. His project is the FEED Resource, which aims to build an anaerobic digester. The idea is to establish a company called Biospan and build a large anaerobic digester, a facility that would collect food waste from restaurants, grocery stores and even homes to feed the digester and produce compost and biogas. Eten, would, in effect, be taking was te and producing a usable byproduct in the process. The case provided in-depth insights on two important aspects. The first is that the study was able to identify the manner by which entrepreneurs and investors are scrambling to hitch on the clean technology bandwagon, which supposedly started in the year 2007. It cited specific cases such as the investments of Google and Wal-Mart on clean technologies. Secondly, there is the process involved in clean technology entrepreneurship. From research, business development, and management - these were explained and specified according to the clean technology case. These factors show why Eten's initiative will be a success story because it is supported by the goodwill of the public and the serious interest of the private sector. Chialin Chen: Green Product Development A more specific insight on green technology has been provided by Chialin Chen when he investigated the concept of "green product development". This is helpful for this paper be cause the study explained green product design and innovation in the context of consumer demand; the supply side and producer's decision-making; and, the regulatory environment, emphasizing the existing regulatory frameworks and standards. This study was also able to establish the business case for clean technologies by explaining that: 1) consumers are starting to be more inclined to green products; and, 2) the regulatory environment and the policy-networks are increasingly becoming strict on its environmental regulations and supportive of green technologies. This paper cited important cases that are useful to the objectives of this paper. For instance, there is the case of the automobile industry, designing and building cars with green technology specifications. Chevrolet and Ford's example show that as early as 1998, they were manufacturing green or hybrid automobiles successfully sold in the American market. Then there is also the case about the new emission limits for cars and industries as introduced in statutes that

Preparing for Old Age Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Preparing for Old Age - Essay Example James Henry was born in a family who struggled a lot financially. His parents were mere farmers who lost a lot of their earthly possessions during the â€Å"Dust Bowl† phenomenon. Being the fifth child, he only heard about their glory days when life was good and seemed promising. He only saw how difficult it had been for his parents and siblings to make things bearable. Mr. Henry says he also had to make a lot of sacrifices himself for him to help the family in their problem. As a young child, he helped his parents in the fields whenever he can and however he can. He learned to work hard even at a tender age especially during summer vacations. For him, it was quite easy to accept such kind of life then because they had few neighbors and most of them are not his friends anyway. Although there was this particular child whom he envied because they had a nice house and car and he was always dressed well, he never had strong feelings against his circumstances. As a matter of fact, he enjoyed helping his parents and siblings because their work time became their bonding time. They have strong relationships despite their financial struggles. Being the youngest in the family, Mr. Henry supposes he saw more of his parents’ hardships when they grew old. He says that when his brothers and sisters married, he was left alone to attend to his parents who started having problems of being old such as getting sick and weak.

Solar Cell and Solar Energy Materials

Solar Cell and Solar Energy Materials Introduction: One of the biggest challenges to mankind is highly depended on the decreasing fusil fuels such as oil, coal, natural gas. Fusil fuels are nonrenewable energy resource which usually takes million of years to form. As a result, their reserves are depleted much faster than it forms. Furthermore, the combustion of these fuels causes environmental degradation through air pollution and global warming. Combustion of carbon-based fossil fuels creates not only air pollutants, for example, sulfur oxides, nitrogen odixe and heavy metals, but also carbon di-oxide, the notorious greenhouse gas widely considered to be the number one culprit of global climate change.[1] In order to protect our environment and provide energy security, energy generated from renewable sources has been extensively studied.[2] Though it will take some decades to come close to a truly sustainable energy system, the research is being conducted to find solutions to (1) increase efficiency in production, transmission, and u tilization of the remaining fossil fuels, (2) reduce negative impacts to the environment, and (3) develop or improve technologies and infrastructure for the smooth transition to the alternative/ renewable energy sources (e.g., nuclear power, solar energy, wind power, geothermal energy, biomass and biofuels, and hydropower).[3] Among those, solar energy has many advantages such as availability and lower cost. The search and synthesis for low cost solar cell materials made of earth abundant elements has been a topic of extensive study across the globe. A brief historical background: In 1839,the photovoltaic effect was discovered by French physicist, Alexandre-Edmond Becquerel. He constructed the worlds first photovoltaic cell in his fathers laboratory at age nineteen, which was the beginning of solar energy materials technology. This experiment was done by illuminating two electrodes, which were coated by light sensitive semiconducting materials, with different types of light. He observed that electricity increases with the increase of light intensity. Then an English electrical engineer, Willoughby Smith, was discovered the photo conductivity of selenium in 1873. In 1883,Charles Fritts built the first true solar cells made from selenium wafer which is coated with a thin layer of gold. He found that the efficiency was only about 1%. In 1905, Albert Einstein published in a paper that light consists of â€Å"packets† or quanta of energy, which can be varied only with its frequency.[4] This theory was very simple, but revolutionary that explained the data of photoelectric effect. The photoelectric effect was experimentally proved by an American experimental physicist, Robert Andrews Millikan, who later won the Nobel Prize for the photoelectric effect and measurement of the charge of the electron. In 1954, a single-crystal cell of germanium and a cadmium sulphide p-n junction was developed with an efficiency of 6%. Later the University of Delaware found that the efficiency exceeds 10% with the first thin film solar cell which was made of copper sulfide and cadmium sulfide in 1980. In 2007,they achieved 42.8% efficiency in solar cell technology.[5] To date, the highest 44.8% efficiencies have been achieved by using multiple junction solar cells. Solar cell: Solar cell is electrical device which converts solar radiation into electricity by photoelectric effect. It consists of two types of semiconducting materials, one is n-type and another is p-type. When these two types of materials placed with each other, it forms depletion layer at middle of these two materials. When sun light falls on the depletion layer the materials absorb photon and the electron from filled valence band excites to the unfilled conduction band, which creates a hole and electron pair. The hole goes to the p-type conductor and the electron goes to the n-type conductor. If we complete the circuit by connecting these two materials we will see there is flow of electricity. [6] Fig 1: A schematic diagram of solar cell Some important Solar cell and solar energy materials Solar cells are typically consists of semiconducting materials and these cells are named after thesemiconducting materialsthey are made of. Thesematerialsmust have certain characteristics in order to absorbsunlight. Some solar cells are designed to absorb sunlight that reaches the Earths surface, while others are constructed foruse in space. Solar cells can be made of only one layer of light absorbing semiconducting material which is called single-junction. Sometimes cells can be made of multiple layers of semiconducting materials to take advantage of wide range of absorption and charge separation mechanisms which is called multi-junction. Solar cells can be classified into three categories according to generation: The first generation cells also called traditional, conventional orwafer based cells that are made ofcrystalline silicon which includes materials such asmono-crystalline and poly-silicon silicon. Second generation cells arethin film solar cells, that includeamorphous silicon,CdTeandCIGScells and are commercially significant in utility-scale photovoltaic power stations,building integrated photovoltaicsor in smallstand alone devices. The third generation of solar cells includes a number of thin-film technologies often described as emerging photovoltaics which are not yet commercially applied and are still in the research or development phase such as perovskite solar cells and quantum dots solar cells. Crystalline silicon The most prevalent bulk material for solar cells iscrystalline silicon(c-Si), also known as solar grade silicon. Bulk silicon is separated into two categories according to crystallinity and crystal size. Mono-crystalline silicon Polycrystalline silicon In 1981, the first solar panels based on polycrystalline silicon, which also is known as polysilicon (p-Si) and multi-crystalline silicon (mc-Si),was introduced to the market. Unlike monocrystalline-based solar panels, polycrystalline solar panels do not require the Czochralski process. Raw silicon is melted and poured into a square mold, which is cooled and cut into perfectly square wafers. Polysilicon cells are the most common type used in photovoltaics and are less expensive, yet less efficient than those made from monocrystalline silicon. Thin film Thin film technologies reduce the amount of active material in a cell. Most designs sandwich active material between two panes of glass. Since silicon solar panels only use one pane of glass, thin film panels are approximately twice as heavy as crystalline silicon panels, although they have a smaller ecological impact.[8]The majority of film panels have 2-3 percentage points lower conversion efficiencies than crystalline silicon. Cadmium telluride(CdTe),copper indium gallium selenide(CIGS) andamorphous silicon(a-Si) are three thin-film technologies often used for outdoor applications. CIGS technology laboratory demonstrations reached 20.4% as of December 2013. The lab efficiency of GaAs thin film technology topped 28%. Thequantum efficiencyof thin film solar cells is also lower due to reduced number of collected charge carriers per incident photon. Most recently, CZTS solar cell emerge as the less-toxic thin film solar cell technology, which achieved ~12% efficiency. Cadmium telluride Cadmium telluride is the only thin film material so far to rival crystalline silicon in cost/watt. However cadmium is a highly toxic andtelluriumsupplies are limited. Thecadmiumpresent in the cells would be toxic if released. However, release is impossible during normal operation of the cells and is unlikely during fires in residential roofs.[9]A square meter of CdTe contains approximately the same amount of Cd as a single C cellnickel-cadmium battery, in a more stable and less soluble form.[9] Copper indium gallium selenide Copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) is adirect band gapmaterial. It has the highest efficiency (~20%) among all commercially significant thin film materials. Traditional methods of fabrication involve vacuum processes including co-evaporation and sputtering. Recent developments atIBMandNanosolar attempt to lower the cost by using non-vacuum solution processes. Gallium arsenide thin film The semiconductor materialGallium arsenide(GaAs) is also used for single-crystalline thin film solar cells. Although GaAs cells are very expensive, they hold the worlds record in efficiency for asingle-junctionsolar cell at 28.8%.[10]GaAs is more commonly used inmultijunction photovoltaic cellsforconcentrated photovoltaics and forsolar panels on spacecrafts, as the industry favours efficiency over cost forspace-based solar power. Perovskite solar cells The name perovskite solar cell is derived from the ABX3crystal structureof the absorber materials, which is referred to as perovskite structure. The most commonly studied perovskite absorber is methylammonium lead trihalide (CH3NH3PbX3, where X is ahalogenion such asI−,Br−,Cl−). Formamidinumlead trihalide (H2NCH3NH3PbX3) is a recently studied newer material which shows promise, with a bandgap between 2.23eV and 1.48eV. This minimum bandgap is closer to the optimal for asingle-junction cellthan methylammonium lead trihalide, so it should be capable of higher efficiencies. The efficiencies of perovskite solar cell have increased to 12.8% in 2014.[11] This increased efficiency is making them a very rapidly advancing technology and a hot topic in the solar cell field. Perovskite solar cells are also forecast to be extremely cheap to scale up, making them a very attractive option for commercialization. Quantum dots semiconductor solar cell: Quantum dots are tiny particles or nanocrystals of a semiconducting material with diameters in the range of 2-10 nanometers. Due to high surface to volume ratios for these particles, quantum dots display unique electronic properties, intermediate between those of bulk semiconductors and discrete molecules. Due to their small size, the electrons in quantum dots are confined in a small space which is called quantum box. When the radii of the semiconductor nanocrystal is smaller than the exciton Bohr radius (exciton Bohr radius is the average distance between the electron in the conduction band and the hole it leaves behind in the valence band), there is quantization of the energy levels according to Pauli’s exclusion principle (Figure 1).[12][13]The discrete, quantized energy levels of quantum dots relate them more closely to atoms than bulk materials. Generally, as the size of the crystal decreases, the difference in energy between the highest valence band and the lowest conduc tion band increases. More energy or more energy light is then needed to excite an electron from valance band to conduction band. Therefore, the properties of semiconducting materials can be tuned by changing the size of the quantum dots. By using different sized quantum dots in multi-layer junction we can absorb wide range of light. Figure 4: Splitting of energy levels in quantum dots due to the quantum confinement effect, semiconductor band gap increases with decrease in size of the nanocrystal.[12][13] Conclusion The primary energy sources: coal, oil and natural gas are fossil fuels are polluting our environment. Furthermore, these resources are quickly depleting and becoming extremely expensive day by day. Therefore, weneedtoconsiderrenewableenergysources such as solar energy, by using solar cells we cangenerate electricalpower by converting solar energy intoelectricity. Reference: Wang, Zhong Lin.Nanotechnology for the energy challenge. Ed. Javier Garcà ­a-Martà ­nez. John Wiley Sons, 2013. Hou, Yu, Ruxandra Vidu, and Pieter Stroeve. Solar energy storage methods.Industrial Engineering Chemistry Research50.15 (2011): 8954-8964. Moniz, E. J.; Garcia-Martinez, J. Nanotechnology for the Energy Challenge; Wiley-VCH: Weinheim, Germany, 2010 Einstein, Albert. The photoelectric effect.Ann. Phys17 (1905): 132. Delaware University, US, HP http://www.udel.edu/PR/ UDaily/2008/jul/solar072307 .html Li, Zhongrui, et al. Light-harvesting using high density p-type single wall carbon nanotube/n-type silicon heterojunctions.Acs Nano3.6 (2009): 1407-1414. Green, M. A. Recent developments in photovoltaics.Solar energy76.1 (2004): 3-8. Pearce, Joshua, and Andrew Lau. Net energy analysis for sustainable energy production from silicon based solar cells.ASME Solar 2002: International Solar Energy Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2002. Fthenakis, Vasilis M. Life cycle impact analysis of cadmium in CdTe PV production.Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews8.4 (2004): 303-334. Yablonovitch, E., O. D. Miller, and S. R. Kurtz. The opto-electronic physics that broke the efficiency limit in solar cells.Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC), 2012 38th IEEE. IEEE, 2012. Qin, Peng, et al. Perovskite Solar Cells with 12.8% Efficiency by Using Conjugated Quinolizino Acridine Based Hole Transporting Material.Journal of the American Chemical Society(2014). Reimann, S. M.; Manninen, M. Reviews of Modern Physics, 2002, 74(4), 1283. Bawendi, M. C.; Steigerwald, M. L.; Brus, L. E. Annual Review of Physical Chemistry, 1990, 41, 477.

Spanish-American War :: essays research papers

The cause of the Spanish-American War relates directly to Cuba, and the sinking of the U.S.S. Maine. In 1895, Cuba was extremely governmentally disorganized, and was beginning to rise against Spain. The Cuban’s soon adopted a conception that the more damage that they did to the Cuban mainland, the faster the Spaniards would leave Cuba, and the Americans would help the Cubans to win their independence. The Americans soon came to Cuba, in an attempt to assist the Cubans in their fight for freedom. The Spanish intervention with Cuba threatened the trade routes that America had near, and with Cuba. By helping Cuba, America would be vastly saving itself economically because these routes were highly valuable. During this time you must remember that the United States had a new, powerful Navy, and they were anxious to show their power off to the rest of the world. Cuba served as the perfect stage to put on a show. When Spanish General Weyler arrived, he controlled the rebellion in Cuba by herding the Cuban citizens into enclosed concentration camps. They were detained under very unsanitary and inhumane conditions. Many of them died. This treatment of the Cuban people by the Spanish angered the American public, and they demanded that war be declared against Spain. The American people were clearly disgusted by the way the Spaniards treated the Cubans. Why wouldn’t they be? The Spaniards treated them like scum. They were livid; the Americans wanted the government to take action against the Spaniards for the actions they took against the Cubans. Both Presidents Cleveland and McKinley tried to keep America out of war. In 1896, Congress overwhelmingly passed a resolution that called for President Cleveland to review the impending situation in Cuba. The anti-imperialist Cleveland refused to do anything. But, on February 15, 1898, the American battleship U.S.S. Maine anchored in Havana Harbor exploded. Two hundred and sixty of the American crewmen were killed. On April 11, 1898 President McKinley went to Congress and asked for American troops to stop the war. Congress agreed and on April 25 the U. S. declared war on Spain. In McKinley’s declaration of war against Spain, he stated "For the recognition of the independence of the people of Cuba, demanding that the Government of Spain relinquish its authority and Government in the island of Cuba, and to withdraw its land and naval forces from Cuba and Cuban waters, and directing the President of the United States to use the land and naval forces of the United States to carry these resolutions into effect.

Media Criticism

Getting the right scope of a television program enables it to penetrate the viewing habits of the audiences. Since the complete line up of ideas and program formats are intended to satisfy the viewers, it would be appropriate to input program and story aspects according to the currently accepted social situation. In line with this, viewing a previously run TV show may provide a great sense of nostalgia especially for the people who have experienced watching it in the past. The â€Å"old school† TV program chosen for this article is Charlie’s Angels. Apparently, this program was considered to be one of the pioneers in providing the viewers satisfying and exciting storylines back in the 1970’s. If the program format is to be identified with the aspect of postmodernism, then it can easily fit in that category, simply because of the fact that the ideology and the events of most episodes reflect the criterion of a post modernist era. Some of the best ways to recognize the philosophy of post modernism in the show is by identifying how the characters and the plot of each episode interacted with one another. One very clear aspect of a modernly patterned theme of Charlie’s Angels may be recognized on the type of empowerment given to women. Since in the past, women are looked below the standards of the society, the show was able to inhibit the previous notion of not letting women enter any types of physical activities especially those of which that induce masculinity factor. It can be seen in most episodes that the three lady characters were always set to complete missions that were clearly identified for men. Another very good example of modernism aspect in the show is the introduction of different things and objects for the purpose of assisting the missions of the protagonists. The then modern technology played an important role in providing the audiences some fresh ideas on how science has ultimately changed the tasks of ordinary people. Different devices, gadgets and instruments were all part of the Charlie’s Angles missions. Apart from the post modernism structure of the show, Charlie’s Angels also induces a very huge aspect of nostalgia. Even for younger people during those times, the concept of having a TV show regularly viewed have already introduced some great memories for them to be always cherished. The way the main actresses dressed, the simple yet unique materials they used and even the musical score or theme song of the program all play an important part in bringing good memories of the show in the present time. Nostalgia is referred to as an emotional or mental condition in which a person feels a longing of the past’s observed matters. For Charlie’s Angels, this type of emotional attachment can be felt especially for those people who were so dearly attached to the program. Patiently waiting for the next episode to be broadcasted was a part of their lives, giving a sense of affection even to the main characters of the program. In today’s generation of Television programs on the other hand, post-modernism can still be observed. For example, the TV series The Amazing Race provides some very good factors in which the modern era of showcasing different concepts in broadcasting may be observed. Looking at the complete structure of the program, one may easily identify how it already embodies the current social structure of the human population. Since it is a reality program, it has already stabilized its approach on what post-modernism really is-the general and non-alignment to a hierarchical format of presentation (Wikipedia, 2007). Obviously, The Amazing Race do not follow a particular script and depend all of the program’s events according to the way the contestant’s and their surroundings interact with each other. Everything is to be observed in relative to the person (contestants) who build the program structure. The modern day individual tend to be more adaptive to his surroundings as depicted in the TV program. Although there is the essence of teamwork, each of the people involved has his own decision making power and may sometimes even contradict the decision of other members. One more attribute about the post-modernism aspect of the show is readily evident on the freedom of the producer and the director to choose the type of sequence they want to shoot for the purpose of immersing the audience in the program. Since the budgetary aspects are independent of the terms of large Hollywood outfits, modern process of instilling one’s creativity to the program will directly affect its viewers. Overall, The Amazing Race is a complete replica of Charlie’s Angles in terms of a liberated approach in entertainment. Both programs diverted away from the normal custom of producing shows based on the conservative structure of past generations of society. The acceptance of post modernism ideas is somehow controversial on the part of the social analyst’s perception. Since the philosophy reflect the outcome of events after the Second World War, it can’t be justified whether such philosophy is an independent one or basically a form of thinking based on the overall flow of past history. One thing is certain; post modernism’s definition of philosophy is evident even in today’s media. References Wikipedia. 2007. Postmodernism. Wikipedia-The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved December 10, 2007 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postmodernism.

INFORMATION

INFORMATION ICT as a CareerThe ICT field is developing on a dailybasis and there is no telling how thisscene will be in the next ten or soyears. Twenty years ago, ICT as acareer was not known especially withcomputers. Fixed telephones were notused vastly especially in the developingworld; with the advent of mobiletelephones though, the subscriber basehas increased. Developing countries arenow being targeted for their hugepotential.The main advantage if ICT as a career isthat it is dynamic, it is foreverchanging. This creates newopportunities in this sector; forinstance, new communication hardwareand software is being created. Thiscreates new opportunities in teaching;the instructors always have to be up todate.The requirements for one to join the ICTsector are varied. With knowledge inMicrosoft word, excel and access, youcan get a job as a data entry clerk.Toget higher up the ladder, you wouldneed an undergraduate degree or amaster's degree in the related field.Training of personnel in the ICT s ector isrelatively inexpensive but you will needto make sure that the quality ofeducation is up to the mark.ICT creates motivation. when Bill Gatesfounded Microsoft, he had a vision ofhaving every computer in homes andoffices running his Microsoft software.This has shaped the way we all live andcommunicate in today's world.Entrepreneurship that is being createdby ICT is enormous. Cyber cafes arepopping up everywhere; people have tocheck their e-mails almost on a dailybasis. Print media is being replaced bythe internet where daily papers arebeing distributed, news channels alsooffer broadband video streaming andhome made pod-casts are on theincrease. ICT is lucrative because of the...

The rational emotive behavior therapy

The rational emotive behavior therapy The rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT) approach can be applied in dealing with most of the clients’ problems. The REBT approach rests on the premise that the events that occur in our lives do not upset us, but the beliefs held by each individual makes us anxious, unhappy, depressed, and enraged. The use of this approach, coupled with values and code of ethics, enables us to teach some of our clients on ways to become happy.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The rational emotive behavior therapy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More While dealing some of the clients, it may be important to adopt both instrumental and terminal values. Instrumental values are permanent in nature and they form the core values of what an organization or a group believes in. Some of the instrumental values adopted include, ambition, sincerity, honesty, courageousness, responsibility, politeness, a keen sense of evaluation, confident iality, trust and obedience. All these values are applied while listening to clients and when deciding on the most appropriate plan that can be used in addressing the client’s issues. The instrumental values act as a gate pass to the terminal values. On the other hand, terminal values are defined as the goals that an organization, group, or an individual aim to achieve in the long run. Some of the terminal values applied in our case include, seeing happy families, instilling happiness and inner harmony in our clients, a sense of accomplishment, true friendship with our clients, exhibiting degree of wisdom while addressing some of the clients’ problems, ensuring that our clients live comfortable and enjoyable lives, and social recognition. All terminal values are achieved when client problems are solved or assistance on the same is offered. One of the applied theories of prejudice formation is the belief theory of prejudice. The belief theory of prejudice â€Å"suggest s that prejudice results from an aversion toward individuals who hold beliefs which are incongruent with one’s own† (Dienstbier, 1972), p.146). In relation to the study, the belief theory of prejudice is applied in a more positive way in addressing the issues and problems that most of our clients face in their day to day activities. Real life observations and the psychological evidence among clients aid in shaping how experienced problems can be solved. While addressing the issues and problems of our clients, the group adopts some codes of behavior to enhance professional-client relationship. According to Bayles (1981), an appropriate ethical conception of the client by cultivating a professional relationship with him/her gives the client freedom to determine the extent to which his/her life is affected, thereby warranting the client to make some decisions.Advertising Looking for report on ethics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The main focus of our group is allowing clients to express themselves. At the same time, we are also able to play the role of professionals. Since clients lack the professional knowledge and expertise required in addressing their problems, we assume fiduciary duty. Although the client assumes a significant responsibility and authority in decision making, as professionals we provide special care which is worthy the client’s trust. Discretion is another code of ethical behavior that our group adopts while addressing the issues of our clients. To begin with, discretion is a broader concept of confidentiality and privacy (Bayles, 1981). This means that not only is the client’s information kept confidential but the value of privacy is observed keenly. The implication made is that we do not meddle with a client’s business which is unrelated to the problem we were hired to undertake. A Client’s private life, welfare, and behavior are ke pt discrete thus gaining the value of trustworthiness. As noted by Bayle (1981), confidentiality is an element of responsibility of discretion. Therefore, confidentiality is highly safeguarded while dealing with our clients and so is their privacy. Another element used is competence which has been considered as the highest moral characteristic. As a group, we take our clients request with high level of esteem, responsibility, and respect. In addition, the requests and the needs of clients are handled with potential competence to ensure a good reputation. In cases whereby the issue is beyond our specialty, advice is offered to the clients since clients lack the ability to know when a different type of specialist is required. This has always acted as a driving force of the group in meeting the client’s needs and demands. Honesty also is applied in addressing the client’s problems and issues. In summary, both terminal and instrumental values are adopted by our group while dealing with clients’ problems and in running the group. Some of the terminal values applied include seeing happy families, exhibiting degree of wisdom while addressing problems, instilling happiness and inner harmony in our clients, a sense of accomplishment, and true friendship with our clients among others. The instrumental values include trust, honesty, confidentiality, and a sense of responsibility among others. The belief theory of prejudice is applied via the observation of the behaviour and the attitudes of the clients in a positive way. Some of the codes behaviour adopted from Michael Bayles includes discretion, honesty, trust, privacy, and confidentiality. Lastly, competence and fiduciary duty are applied while addressing issues affecting our clients.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The rational emotive behavior therapy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Reference List Bayles, M. D. (1981). Professi onal ethics (Obligation to clients). Belmont. CA: Wadsworth Publishing Co. Dienstbier, R. A. (1972). A modified belief theory of prejudice emphasizing the mutual casualty of racial prejudice and anticipated belief differences. Psychological Review, 79(2), 146–160.

Civil War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Civil War - Essay Example The Union used its military to bring the economy of the South to a stand still through having the coast blockaded. In addition, it took control of Mississippi and the Tennessee River system from the west as well as the Atlanta and captured the entire territory from Georgia to the Carolinas. The strategy from the east was to capture Richmond, which was under the supervision of Robert Lee before he was forced to surrender by Grant. This decisive Northern victory was followed by a Reconstruction period. By the time the war was over, approximately 970, 000 citizens had been left as casualties with more than 560,000 dead. The leading cause of the war, the nature of its outcome as well as its name have all remained topics of discussions and controversies since then (Cobbs 414). It is believed that the origin of the Civil War can only be traced within the complicated issues of politics, slavery and conflicts arising between the State’s rights scope and the federal powers, modernizati on, economics, sectionalism, expansionism, and Antebellum period competing nationalism. Despite the disagreements among historians on the causative events of the war and its relative importance, they all agree on the effects the war. War is considered as the most destructive consequent of the political mechanism of man and his ambitions. While all wars are taken as being equally horrific, one war that will always stand out of the rest is the Civil War. Taking place between 1861 and 1865, the war is remembered as being the deadliest war ever witnessed in the history of America. Reasons Why the North won the War Between the participating parts; the Northern States and the Southern States, the Union emerged as the victors and this victory has been associated with several reasons; The Northern States outnumbered their counterparts making the Southern unable to match the advancing force from the north. The north enjoyed a majority of States with the Union having at least 20 pure states w hile the South had only 11 states. This ensured that the Union’s manpower was greater thus automatically countering the strength of the Confederate army. The Northern State also had far much bigger number of soldiers approximated to be above 2, 400, 000 while the Southern States having an inferior number of soldiers that was bellow 1, 000, 000 (Boyer 500). The other factor that gave the Union an age over the Confederate was the industry superiority of the Union. Its industrial position ensured that the Northern States had more financial resources and money to see them through the war. This financial status meant that the union was well–off when it came to supplying its troops with arms which ensured that they kept fighting, constantly received medical attention and food supply was readily available. The industrial strength of the Union was far much superior. This was characterized a better number industries and factories that offered the necessary fuel, ammunition and weaponry equipment. The Southern States on the other hand were mostly plantation and cotton owners with insufficient advanced depots and suppliers (Cobbs 434). This left the south with limited supply and food resources as well as war equipment thus they had no chance of stopping the

Competitive Advantage Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Competitive Advantage - Assignment Example It encompasses several aspects of a company's marketing tactics and strategies in building a strong competitive advantage that can secure the company's future. A competitive advantage is plainly a facet or capability of the organisation that it occupies or extends to the customers. For an organisational facet to form a 'competitive advantage', it needs to be unequalled in the market and not acquired by any other existing or upcoming competition in the market. This notion can also be translated in the words of Barney (2002, p9) as, "a firm experiences competitive advantages when its actions in an industry or market create economic value and when few competing firms are engaging in similar actions". Porter (1985, p3) explores the concept of competitive advantage as the capability of an organisation to create value for its customers in a way that procures more value to the customers than the competitors, he says, "Competitive advantage grows out of value a firm is able to create for its buyers that exceeds the firm's cost of creating it. Value is what buyers are willing to pay, and superior value stems from offering lower prices than competitors for equivalent benefits or providing unique benefits that more than offset a higher price. There are two basic types of competitive advantage: cost leadership and differentiation". Hence, a firm's competitive advantage has to be unique among all the other companies in the market. This implies that whatever company owns and provides to customers should have one or more differential aspect that can distinguish it form its competitors. Today, many organisations engage in providing almost same kind of products to a specific range of products. Consequently, the customers need to choose between a lot of options with slight distinction to satisfy their needs and problems. For a firm to win more customers than its competitors and sustain them in the long run, it needs to offer its customers something that is not being currently offered in the market. For instance, a different product with enhanced value, a courteous and friendly workforce, a well-known company image, and a breakthrough in technology helpful in satisfying customers in a much better way than the competitors. The customers would only be willing to buy the company's product or even pay a higher price for it if there's something in the product or service being by the company that the customers perceive to be valuable or different in satisfying their needs than other products in the market. The more the customers perceive the product to be valuable, the more the opportunity for the company to remain successful in the long run. The upcoming section of the paper investigates into some of the aspects of a company's marketing tactics and manoeuvres that could be utilised towards the achievement of a competitive advantage. Winning Customer Satisfaction, Loyalty And Trust Firms consistently endeavour to attain the mellowest possible levels of customer satisfaction and retention to survive in the modern competitive business arena. It is a factor that rightfully approximates a company's emplacement in the competitive market. If the customers are satisfied, the company is likely to be successful; otherwise it is doomed to be obscure in the future